Fig. 2: Changes in effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to changes in anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursors. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 2: Changes in effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to changes in anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursors.

From: Climate responses in China to domestic and foreign aerosol changes due to clean air actions during 2013–2019

Fig. 2: Changes in effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to changes in anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursors.The alt text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Spatial distributions of changes in annual mean ERF (W m−2) due to changes in (a) global, (b) China’s domestic and (c) foreign anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and precursors in 2019 relative to 2013. Changes in ERF are calculated as the differences in net radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere. The shaded areas indicate results are statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Regional averages of the changes over China (CN), North America (NA) and Europe (EU) are noted near these regions.

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