Fig. 2: Relationship between HCE latitude and stationary and transient waves. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 2: Relationship between HCE latitude and stationary and transient waves.

From: What controls the interannual variation of Hadley cell extent in the Northern Hemisphere: physical mechanism and empirical model for edge variation

Fig. 2

a Scatter plot of a HCE latitude vs. EMFD averaged over a box enclosed by [400–200 hPa, 20°–35°N] for individual years. The same as a except for b stationary wave, and c transient wave. d EMFD from stationary wave vs. that from the transient wave. The linear correlation is shown in the legend, and regression lines are superimposed. e Actual meridional winds (shading) regressed onto the HCE latitude time series shown in Fig. 1a, and the derived meridional winds (shading) from the f stationary and g transient EMFD forcing using Eq. (1), which are then regressed onto the HCE latitude time series. The contours in e–f represent the corresponding DJFM climatology and units for both the climatology and anomaly, which are m s−1. Stippling indicates a significant area at the 95% confidence level.

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