Fig. 1: Spatial and temporal characteristics of the surface O3 pattern in China and significance tests.
Spatial distribution of the 1st eigenvector of the O3 principal mode in a summertime and b wintertime, respectively. Time series of PC1 in c summertime and d wintertime, respectively. PDFs of the absolute correlations \(| C{C}_{{v}_{1},{s}_{i}}^{* }|\) between PC1 and SSTA nodes for real data (red area) and the synthetic data for WNNM (green) and MANM (blue) for e summertime and f wintertime, respectively. Black dashed line represents 97.5th percentile of the synthetic correlations of MANM.
