Fig. 4: Local covariance between DJF precipitation and NAO, TSPT.

Local covariance between DJF precipitation anomalies and indices of DJF NAO (*−1; left panels) and SON TSPT (right panels) under NAO−\TSPT + (a), TSPT + \NAO− (b), and NAO−⊕TSPT + (c, d). The red dotted areas in (c) and (d) are significantly different from that in (a) and (b) at the 90% confidence level determined by bootstrap method, respectively.