Fig. 7: DJF stationary Rossby wave ray trajectories.

DJF stationary Rossby wave ray trajectories and the evolution of total wavenumber initiated with zonal wavenumber 3–5 (green curves) at 200 hPa for sources corresponding to NAO− (black dots in North Atlantic) and DJF TSPT + (black dots in tropical and southern Pacific), respectively. a NAO−\TSPT+, b TSPT+\NAO−, c NAO−⊕TSPT+.