Fig. 5: Coated internally mixed aerosol particle.

It is assumed to be composed of a core that is insoluble and a shell that is soluble. The core consists of black carbon, volcanic ash, sea salt and dust whereas the shell consists of organic, inorganic matter (such as ammonia (NH4), nitrate (NO3), chlorine (Cl), sulfate (SO4) and sodium (Na) and water (H2O)). Here, Dc represensts the diameter of the core and Dt is the total diameter of coated, mixed aerosol particle that consists of both core and shell. Refractive indices (RI) for all chemical species constituting the mixed aerosol particle except dust are obtained from ref. 65 whereas those for dust are obtained from ref. 64.