Fig. 4: Patterns of the noise forcing.
From: Drivers of future extratropical sea surface temperature variability changes in the North Pacific
Regression of ξ onto the leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Principal Components (PCs) of ξ between 20∘N–60∘N and 120∘E–120∘W during 1960–2000 a, e, f for HadISST and b, f, j for CESM2-LE. The first three EOFs explain 14.8%, 10.2%, and 8.5% of the variance, respectively, for HadISST and 14.2%, 11.0%, and 9.2% for CESM2-LE. The EOFs were computed using 100 singular values and the PCs were normalized to have a standard deviation (stdev.) of one. For CESM2-LE the EOFs were calculated across both time and ensemble dimensions. Regression of the leading ξ PCs onto sea level pressure (SLP) and 850-hPa wind anomalies c, g, k for HadISST/ERA5 and d, h, l for CESM2-LE.
