Fig. 2: DCS properties from different cloud components under pristine and optimal fine aerosol concentrations over land.

Total area (a) and rainfall amount (b) of DCS under pristine and optimal fine aerosol concentration over land, respectively. Each bar represents the total area or rainfall amount of the three components within DCS, with red, yellow, and blue corresponding to the core, anvil, and cirrus, respectively. The numbers indicate the average values of these DCS properties under pristine and optimal fine aerosol concentration conditions. The complete lifecycle and its various stages are separated by gray dashed lines.