Fig. 12: Schematic diagram illustrating underlying mechanisms of interdecadal shifts in the ENSO–SCAP relationship.
From: Interdecadal shifts of ENSO influences on Spring Central Asian precipitation
The diagram includes decaying SST anomalies over the tropical Pacific, the NA SST anomaly pattern, precipitation anomalies over CA and the 200-hPa Rossby wave train induced by the NA SST anomaly pattern. a is for fast-decaying ENSO epochs and b is for slow-decaying ENSO epochs. Red (blue) shadings indicate positive (negative) SST anomalies at the surface and upper-level convergence (divergence) anomalies at 200-hPa, respectively. The blue dashed curve indicates the Rossby wave train path, and the size of the circles along the curve represents the amplitude of the circulation. The letter A (C) indicates atmospheric anticyclone (cyclone) anomalies. Surface yellow arrows over NA indicate lower-level wind anomalies. Green (brown) shadings and vertical arrows over CA denote above (below) normal precipitation and anomalous ascending (descending) anomalies, respectively.
