Fig. 1: Location of the study area.
From: Risk assessment of glacial lake outburst flood in the Central Asian Tienshan Mountains
a The location of the Tienshan Mountains in Central Asia. b, c The mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation trends from 1990 to 2022 globally, in the northern hemisphere, and in the Tienshan Mountains. The maroon line represents global trends, the green line represents the Northern Hemisphere, and the red line represents the Tienshan Mountains. d The distribution of glacial lakes in the Central Asian Tienshan Mountains. Red triangles represent GLOFs in the Tienshan Mountains from 1923 to 2022; the blue lines represent Rivers, the blue-filled boxes represent lakes, and the light blue boxes represent glacial lakes; historical GLOFs represent the record of past GLOF events.
