Fig. 2: Partial correlations between SMJJA and either LAIMAM or VPDJJA.

a The spatial distribution of the partial correlation coefficients between LAIMAM and SMJJA. b Spatial distribution of partial correlation coefficients between VPDJJA and SMJJA. c Partial correlations affected by agricultural extent. The blue and red colors represent the partial correlation coefficients of LAIMAM and VPDJJA with SMJJA respectively. The diamonds and dots represent irrigated and rainfed farmland, respectively. The percentage of grid point farmland was identified based on the GFSAD1KCD data. X-axis shows 11 categories in 10% intervals from 0% to 100% (including 0). The numbers in different colors above X axis indicate the area proportions occupied by the corresponding category.