Table 1 Trends of global area mean OHC and correlation coefficients (r) between the OHCT and the F_T (observation-based global area mean net radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere) or F_S (the global area mean net ocean surface energy flux)

Depth	Datasets	OHC trend (Wm⁻²)		r (F_s)		r (F_T)
Depth	Datasets	1993–2017	2005–2017	1993–2017	2005–2017	1993–2017	2005–2017
0–300 m	ORAS5	0.38 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01	0.44	0.76	0.49	0.72
	GLORYS	0.45 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.01	0.25	0.57	0.17	0.40
	FOAM	0.39 ± 0.02	0.23 ± 0.02	0.17	0.37	0.13	0.21
	CGLORS	0.38 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01	0.15	0.61	0.12	0.46
	IAP	0.35 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	−0.08	0.51	−0.14	0.38
0–700 m	ORAS5	0.64 ± 0.01	0.45 ± 0.01	0.41	0.71	0.41	0.61
	GLORYS	0.77 ± 0.01	0.43 ± 0.02	0.24	0.53	0.14	0.32
	FOAM	0.60 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.04	0.11	0.26	0.08	0.12
	CGLORS	0.57 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.01	−0.002	0.45	−0.08	0.27
	IAP	0.57 ± 0.01	0.31 ± 0.01	−0.14	0.39	−0.19	0.25
0–2000 m	ORAS5	1.09 ± 0.01	0.84 ± 0.01	0.28	0.46	0.26	0.31
	GLORYS	1.00 ± 0.02	0.52 ± 0.04	0.20	0.42	0.13	0.23
	FOAM	0.74 ± 0.08	0.75 ± 0.07	0.07	0.18	0.09	0.05
	CGLORS	0.71 ± 0.01	0.71 ± 0.02	0.04	0.37	−0.05	0.25
	IAP	0.87 ± 0.01	0.61 ± 0.01	−0.09	0.33	−0.13	0.20
Full Depth	ORAS5	1.11 ± 0.01	0.88 ± 0.01	0.30	0.46	0.29	0.32
	GLORYS	0.75 ± 0.02	0.27 ± 0.05	0.29	0.40	0.24	0.25
	FOAM	0.94 ± 0.08	0.99 ± 0.07	0.06	0.19	0.08	0.07
	CGLORS	0.85 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.02	0.24	0.30	0.15	0.22
	IAP	0.72 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.01	0.58	0.34	0.60	0.51

Mean F_T 0.61 0.79
Mean F_S 0.58 0.74
The OHC trend is computed using the central difference of OHC divide by the global surface area (see data and methods section for details). Significant trend is in bold after applying the Mann–Kendall test at a significance level of 0.01. Significant r is also in bold after applying the two tailed test using Pearson critical values at the level of 0.01. Note r is calculated from 12 month running mean time series. Observed mean F_T and mean F_S from DEEPC is listed below the table.

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