Table 1 Details of PW configurations from 2004–2022 in the MLS dataset

From: Dynamic configuration before quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions revealed from the perspective of planetary waves

NH

Winters

abnormally low

coefficient

Dissipated eastward -moving wave

38–46hPa

Fy

SH

Winters

Abnormally low

coefficient

Dissipated eastward -moving wave

38–46hPa

Fy

04/05 12 Mar

Y

N

−0.68

05

Y

N

0.75

05/06 21 Jan

N

N

−0.85

06

N

N

2.24

06/07 24 Feb

Y

N

−0.78

07

N

N

0.69

07/08 22 Feb

N

N

−0.49

08

N

N

2.22

08/09 24 Jan

N

N

−1.07

09

N

N

0.58

09/10 09 Feb

N

N

−1.66

10

N

N

0.74

10/11

N

N

−3.30

11

N

N

1.10

11/12

Y

N

−0.98

12

Y

N

0.65

12/13 09 Jan

N

N

−0.93

13

Y

N

2.45

13/14

Y

N

−2.35

14

Y

N

0.63

14/15

Y

N

−0.54

15

N

N

1.78

15/16 4 Mar

Y

Y

−3.23

16

N

N

1.31

16/17

N

N

−2.09

17

Y

N

0.62

17/18 12 Feb

N

N

−1.17

18

N

N

0.42

18/19

N

N

−1.5

19 18 Sep

Y

Y

3.73

19/20 02 Jan

N

N

−0.37

20

N

N

0.82

20/21 05 Jan

Y

N

−1.88

21

N

N

0.94

21/22

N

N

−0.76

22

N

N

0.87

  1. The presence of either abnormally low coefficient (deviation from climate state by more than 1 standard deviation, as shown in Fig. 2a, b) or dissipated eastward-moving wave in the middle stratosphere is represented by Y, otherwise by N. The meridional EPF Fy (38–46 hPa) is also shown. The values in bold represent strong meridional EPF.
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