Fig. 3: Observed and simulated changes in Southern Ocean temperature.
From: Simulated Antarctic sea ice expansion reconciles climate model with observation
Linear trends of zonal and annual mean ocean temperature in the upper 1000 m in the Southern Ocean over 1979–2014 (color shading in K/decade) from (a) the average of EN4, IAP and Ishii data, (b) HIST_ASI+ and (c) HIST_ASI- ensemble means as well as (d) the difference between the two (HIST_ASI+ minus HIST_ASI-). The stipples refer to the regions where trends are statistically significant based on Student’s t-test at 95% confidence level.
