Fig. 2: Predominant synoptic patterns driving tornadoes across regions. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 2: Predominant synoptic patterns driving tornadoes across regions.

From: Classifying synoptic patterns driving tornadic storms and associated spatial trends in the United States

Fig. 2

a–d The tornado-relative distribution of composite eddy kinetic energy (EKE) at 200 hPa (color fills; m2 s−2), normalized Z500 multiplied by 103 (grey contours; unitless), significant tornado parameter (red contours; unitless) within each cluster, respectively. The red dots denote the tornado report start location, and the x- and y-axes denote the tornado-relative longitude and latitude. The black percentage values on the title indicate the percentage of the number of tornado-occurring 3-hourly synoptic weather maps included in each cluster, and the grey subtitle shows the relative percentage for each season (SP: Spring; SU: Summer; F: Fall; W: Winter) within each cluster. e–h The spatial distribution of tornado reports associated with each synoptic cluster. The percentage values indicate the percentage of the number of tornado reports within each cluster. i, j Monthly variation of counts of tornado-occurring 3-hourly synoptic weather maps and tornado reports for each cluster, respectively.

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