Fig. 4: Evolutions of ages and decomposed elements.

a Ages in site GH02-1030. Ideal age (black), B-A age (blue), B-P age (yellow), and BwP ages of iterations 1–4 (red lines, dots for \({{\boldsymbol{\tau }}}_{{\boldsymbol{BwP}}{\bf{1}}}\), dashed line for \({{\boldsymbol{\tau }}}_{{\boldsymbol{BwP}}{\bf{2}}}\), asterisks for \({{\boldsymbol{\tau }}}_{{\boldsymbol{BwP}}{\bf{3}}}\) and triangles for \({{\boldsymbol{\tau }}}_{{\boldsymbol{BwP}}{\bf{4}}}\)). b Water mass fraction in site GH02-1030. Water mass from the Southern Ocean (dark blue), the North Atlantic (yellow), the South Pacific (purple), the Tropical Atlantic (green), the Indian Ocean (blue), and the North Pacific (red). c Endmember evolution, calculated by multiplying deep convection region surface radiocarbon by its weight (\({{{\boldsymbol{dye}}}_{{\boldsymbol{n}}}{\boldsymbol{\times }}{\boldsymbol{\Delta }}}^{{\bf{14}}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\boldsymbol{Pn}}}\)), with the line colors corresponding to those in (b). Additionally, the gray line represents the sum of weighted surface radiocarbon, and the black solid and dashed line represent the benthic and local surface radiocarbon in GH02-1030, respectively. d–f same as a–c, but in site W8709A-13PC. g is deep convection region surface radiocarbon evolution; the legend is the same as (b). The unit of Iage is model year, while other ages are ¹⁴C yr.