Fig. 4: GMT and GMP evolutions during last two millennia.

Comparison of the reconstructed global mean 2 m air temperature (GMT) over the Common Era from OEnKF with PAGES2k, OEnKF with PAGES2k + M08, OEnKF with the comprehensive database (a), and HGAOEnKF with PAGES2k, HGAOEnKF with PAGES2k + M08, HGAOEnKF with the comprehensive database (b). Comparison of the Northern Hemisphere 2 m air temperature from the six sets of reconstructions with reconstructions from other authors, i.e., LMR2 (Tardif et al., 2019), Neukom_AM, Neukom_CCA, Neukom_CPS, Neukom_DA, Neukom_GraphEM, Neukom_PCR (Neukom et al., 2019), MBH1999 (Mann et al., 1999), MJ2003 (Mann and Jones, 2003), RMO2005 (Rutherford et al., 2005), MSH2005 (Moberg et al., 2005), Ma08eivf (Mann et al., 2008), Ma09regm (Mann et al., 2009) (c). Comparison of the global mean precipitation (GMP) over the Common Era form OEnKF with PAGES2k, OEnKF with PAGES2k + M08, OEnKF with the comprehensive database (d), and HGAOEnKF with PAGES2k, HGAOEnKF with PAGES2k + M08, HGAOEnKF the comprehensive database (e). The solid lines represent grand ensemble mean, and the shading represent the 5th-95th percentile range. All series in panel (c) represent anomalies from the 1900–1990 mean and have been smoothed with a 31-year running mean.