Fig. 9: Internal atmospheric variability plays an important role in the inter-model differences in the PAMIP project. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 9: Internal atmospheric variability plays an important role in the inter-model differences in the PAMIP project.

From: Attributing climate and weather extremes to Northern Hemisphere sea ice and terrestrial snow: progress, challenges and ways forward

Fig. 9: Internal atmospheric variability plays an important role in the inter-model differences in the PAMIP project.

Normalized NAO (red circles) and Siberian High (SH; blue circles) responses computed for the PAMIP and those using the very large-ensemble climate simulations. Normalization is computed against the interannual variability of the NAO and SH in individual models. The ensemble size for each PAMIP model is given. Sub-sampled response of the (red) NAO and (blue) SH with 10,000 repetitions is displayed for both N144 and N216. Blue text at the top shows the ratio of sub-sampled spread to the inter-model spread in the PAMIP for an ensemble size of 100 and of 300, respectively, for upper and lower bound estimates. This figure is adapted from Ye et al. (2024), and as part of that article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. From: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-023-00562-5.

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