Fig. 3: The volatility distribution and contribution to secondary pollutants of organics in the tunnel. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 3: The volatility distribution and contribution to secondary pollutants of organics in the tunnel.

From: Emissions and potential tracer screening of semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds from urban vehicle fleets

Fig. 3

a–d Represent the volatility distribution of S/IVOC during different sampling periods; Background shading denotes distinct volatility ranges. e Contribution of organics to ozone formation potential during sampling periods. f Contribution of organics to SOA during sampling periods; The method based on speciated species represents the SOA estimation quipped with detailed chemical parameters based on GC × GC-TOFMS. Bin method represents the calculation using the parameters of n-alkane corresponding to each bin grouped with retention time of n-alkane. g–j Represent the contributions of VOC, IVOC, and SVOC to EFs, SOA, and ozone formation during the sampling period of 2:00–4:00, 7:00–9:00, 13:00–15:00, and 17:00–19:00, respectively.

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