Fig. 4: Difference analysis and tracers screening of fleet vehicles. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 4: Difference analysis and tracers screening of fleet vehicles.

From: Emissions and potential tracer screening of semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds from urban vehicle fleets

Fig. 4

a Volcano plot showing the fold-change (FC) and P-value from t-test comparing tunnel samples to ambient atmosphere. Red points represent species that meet FC > 1.5 and P-value < 0.05, with their size proportional to the EFs. b Diurnal variation of EFs, molecular structure, and P-value of selected species. Serial numbers and compound details are provided in Table S2. Bar colors correspond to the four sampling periods. Boxes represent the interquartile range (25–75th percentiles), the centerlines indicate the medians, and the whiskers denote the full data range.

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