Fig. 1: The main spatial-temporal characteristic of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall and Antarctic sea ice concentration. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 1: The main spatial-temporal characteristic of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall and Antarctic sea ice concentration.

From: Indian summer monsoon rainfall drives Antarctic climate and sea ice variability through atmospheric teleconnections

Fig. 1: The main spatial-temporal characteristic of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall and Antarctic sea ice concentration.

The a climatological average and b standard deviation of June–August ISM rainfall (unit: mm/day). The red box (10°N–28°N, 70°E–100°E) in (a, b) indicates the region with high rainfall and variability, and the standardized regional average JJA rainfall within this region is defined as the ISM rainfall index. c The second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of JJA Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC-EOF2). d The correlation coefficient between principal component (SIC-PC2, blue curve) of the SIC-EOF2 and ISM rainfall index (red curve) is 0.50 (p < 0.01). The purple contours in (a, b) indicate the Tibetan Plateau.

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