Fig. 4: Spatial variability of thermal offset (TO) in permafrost regions across the three poles.
From: Divergent controls on surface and thermal offsets in permafrost across the three poles
Each point represents a permafrost thermal state monitoring site, corresponding to locations presented in Fig. 8 and distributed across the Arctic, Antarctica, and the Third Pole. Point color indicates the TO (°C), revealing the direction of the offset: positive values signify that the permafrost top is warmer than the ground surface on average, while near-zero and negative values indicate it is colder. Simultaneously, point size corresponds to the absolute magnitude, |TO|, thereby illustrating the intensity of the subsurface thermal gradient deviation from a simple conductive regime. Point transparency is used to reduce visual overlap in areas with high site density. The map uses a Plate Carrée projection.
