Fig. 1: Reversal of summer temperature modes in eastern China. | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science

Fig. 1: Reversal of summer temperature modes in eastern China.

From: Perspective on the shifting interannual variability of recent summer temperature modes in eastern China: Roles of Arctic sea-ice, Arctic Oscillation and Pakistan precipitation

Fig. 1: Reversal of summer temperature modes in eastern China.

a Time series of standardized SNUW index (red), SNMD index (blue) during 1984–2023. Composite of anomalous T2m in SNUW years (b) and SNMD years (c), respectively. Years are listed in Supplementary Table 1. Boxes are used to define SNUW (box in c) and SNMD (box in d) indices. “SR” denotes the spatial correlation coefficient with the corresponding EOF modes. d 11-year sliding standard deviation of SNUW (red) and SNMD (blue), with the dashed line showing linear trends. Regression pattern (doubled in values) of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for the second mode (EOF2; e) and first mode (EOF1; f) during 1984–2003, for the EOF1 (g) and EOF2 (h) during 2004–2023. Hatching suggests that anomalies pass the 95% confidence level of Student’s t test. Inside the parenthesis is the explained variance. Rectangles in (e–h) are the EOF region (22°–38°N, 105°–123°E).

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