Fig. 7: Climatological mean upper ocean temperature at the depth of the maximum upper ocean temperature response and climatological mean ocean current at 200 m, along with the long-term mean maximum upper ocean temperature response and the long-term mean response in ocean current at 200 m and surface wind stress/curl, during boreal summer.

a, b Climatological mean upper ocean temperature (shading) at the depth of the maximum upper ocean temperature response, overlapped with climatological mean ocean currents at 200 m depth (vector), averaged over the last 40 years of the control and the hosing ensembles, respectively. c Long-term mean maximum upper ocean (top 500 m) temperature response (derived in the same way as in Fig. 6 but averaged over the last 40 years, shading) and ocean current response at 200 m depth (vectors). Vectors less than 3 cm s⁻¹ in magnitude are not shown. d Long-term mean response in surface wind stress curl (shading) and surface wind stress (vector) averaged over the last 40 years. Stippling (gray color) in (c, d) indicates regions where the variables shown in shading are not significant at the 5% level.