Fig. 1: Locations and climatological settings of the study sites.

Climatological (1998–2024) distribution of a total precipitation amount (mm) during the Meiyu season and b the fraction of precipitation amount during the Meiyu season relative to the summer (June-August) total (%). The red lines indicate the Meiyu region boundaries. The red dots denote the study sites (NJ Nanjing, HMQ Hemuqiao, WC Wucheng, CS Changsha). Maps created using Cartopy. Coastlines are from the Natural Earth public domain dataset. The Meiyu boundaries were processed in QGIS based on the Meiyu Monitoring Dataset.