Fig. 8: Lagrangian moisture sources for Meiyu season precipitation.

a Moisture source fraction (shading; 10-3) for Meiyu season precipitation at Nanjing between 2012 and 2021. b–d Same as (a) but for Hemuqiao (2018–2019), Wucheng (2016–2019), and Changsha (2010). Moisture source contributions are calculated as the ratio of moisture uptake from each 1° × 1° grid box to the precipitation at the site. Vectors show the vertically integrated moisture flux (kg m-1 s-1) averaged during the corresponding period. Maps created using Cartopy. Coastlines are from the Natural Earth public domain dataset. The Meiyu boundaries were processed in QGIS based on the Meiyu Monitoring Dataset.