Fig. 2: PARPis promote the activation of OC stromal fibroblasts in vitro.

a Hierarchical clustering analysis results of RNA-seq in the PARPi-treated primary CAFs and control groups. b, c Gene ontology (GO) and GSEA showing significant enrichment for genes encoding ECM processes and signatures representing CAF activation in Ola-treated CAFs. d GSEA-derived heatmap showing the relative mRNA expression of the stroma activation signature genes. e Representative photographs of the cellular cytoskeleton by F-actin staining in MRC5-CAFs and primary CAFs after treatment with PARPis and their corresponding controls. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar, 10 µm. f, g Immunoblotting of α-SMA in MRC5-CAFs or primary CAFs after 72 h of treatment with Ola. GAPDH served as the loading control. Relative densitometry values are labeled in the photographs. h, i Representative images and quantification of the collagen contraction capacity of the MRC5-CAFs and the primary CAFs in the control and Ola-treated groups. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m., *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.