Fig. 1: Single-cell profiling of adjacent normal and gastric cancer tissues.

a Overview of single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the adjacent non-cancer (n = 24) and gastric cancer (GC) tissue (n = 24) from 24 patients. b t-Stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) map of filtered 13,022 single cells in the adjacent non-cancer and cancer tissues. Colors represent cell types based on the expression of known marker genes: endothelial cell (EC), enteroendocrine, fibroblast, gland mucous cell (GMC), intestinal metaplasia (IM), tumor cell, pit mucous cell (PMC). c t-SNE plot showing the expression of marker genes for seven cell types. d t-SNE plot showing sub-clustering of IM cells: chief cells, goblet cells, metaplastic stem-like cells (MSCs), PMC, proliferative cell 1 (PC1), and proliferative cell 2 (PC2). e t-SNE plot showing the expression of marker genes for three cell types. PGC was highly expressed in chief cell (Supplementary Fig. 5b). f Pie charts represent the distribution of ten cell types in the adjacent normal tissue and cancer lesion (left). Bar plots show the frequency of specific cell types in different tissue comparisons (right). Points on the bar plots represent individual samples; P values were calculated by the t test.