Fig. 4: The molecular composition of immune subtypes and cluster association for lung AD and SCC sample.

TIL subtype single-cell visual representation on an (A) lung AD and (B) SCC samples from cohort D₃. The IF channels are displayed highlighting the spatial distribution of CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD20⁺ cells. Cluster labels are overlaid with corresponding H&E images. Smaller patches are shown to visualize the magnitude of complexity of cell detection and identification, depicting niche structures. C UMAP representation of TIL subtype composition for the lung AD. D UMAP of a lung AD sample cluster. E TIL subtype composition of clusters lung AD sample clusters has some concentrations of C1: CD4⁺ 10%, CD8⁺ 86%, CD20⁺ 4%; C4: CD4 + 25%, CD8⁺ 50%, CD20⁺ 25%; C6: CD4⁺ 9%, CD8⁺ 72%, CD20⁺ 19%. F The β coefficients (C1: 4.0, C2: −3.2, C3: −10.2, C4: 15.4, C5: 0.2, C6: 0.5, C7: 0.2, C8: −12.7) of the TIL cluster model (M^AD). G UMAP representation of TIL subtype composition for the lung SCC. H UMAP of SCC sample clusters. I TIL subtype composition of SCC sample cluster. J The β coefficients (C1: −2.5, C2: 9.9, C3: 0.2, C4: 5.2, C5: 1.8, C6: 8.9, C7: −2.6, C8: 2.1) of the TIL cluster model (M^SCC). K Chord diagram representing the cluster composition for lung AD. L Interconnection between the TIL subtypes and (M) between ‘constructive’ clusters. N Chord diagram representing the cluster composition for lung SCC. O Interconnection between the TIL subtypes and (P) ‘constructive’ clusters. CD4⁺ has a broader influence among clusters for SCC compared to AD. CD20⁺ plays a bigger role on the AD clusters.