Table 1 Summary of the studies found in the literature which employs HSI for in-vivo brain tumour detection.

From: Hyperspectral imaging benchmark based on machine learning for intraoperative brain tumour detection

Reference

Year

HSI System Type

Wavelengths (nm)

#Bands

#Patients

#HS Images

Tumour Grade

Patient Variability

Validation Methodology

OA (%)

Tumour Accuracy (%)

Fabelo et al.38

2018

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

5

5

4

Intra-patient

10-fold CV

99.7

99.5

Fabelo et al.68

2018

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

26

43

1, 2, 3, and 4

Inter-patient

Training/test (85%/15%)

n/a

n/a

Fabelo et al.40

2019

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

16

26

4

Inter-patient

LOPO-CV

80.0

42.0

Cruz-Guerrero et al.69

2020

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

16

26

4

Inter-patient

LOPO-CV

76.1

n/a

Hao et al.53

2021

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

5

7

4

Inter-patient

LOPO-CV

96.6

96.3

Mühle et al.70

2021

Pushbroom - Surgical Microscope

500–1000

100

1

1

3

Intra-patient

Training/test (80%/20%) +

5-fold CV

99.1

n/a

Urbanos et al.54

2021

Snapshot

655–975

25

12

13

3 and 4

Intra-patient

Training/test (80%/20%) +

5-fold CV

60.1

73.0

Campos-Delgado et al.52

2022

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

2

2

4

Intra-patient

n/a

97.7

n/a

Martin-Perez et al.55

2022

Snapshot

655–975

25

9

10

3 and 4

Intra-patient

Training/test (80%/20%)

n/a

(AUC = 98.6%)

n/a

Sancho et al.56

2023

Snapshot

655–975

25

12

13

3 and 4

Intra-patient

Training/test (80%/20%)

n/a

(AUC = 95.2%)

n/a

(AUC = 95.1%)

Puustinen et al.58

2023

Snapshot - Surgical Microscope

500–900

n/a

1

2

1 and 3

Intra-patient

Training/test (75%/25%)

98.3

97.7

Giannantonio et al.71

2023

Snapscan - Surgical Microscope

470–780

104

5

18

1 and 2

Intra-patient

Training/test (70%/30%)

92.0

n/a

This work

2023

Pushbroom

400–1000

826

34

61

1, 2, 3, and 4

Inter-patient

3-way data partition (60%/20%/20%) + 5-fold CV

86.8 ± 3.4

57.8 ± 23.7

  1. OA Overall accuracy, LOPO Leave-one-patient-out, CV Cross-validation, AUC area under the curve, n/a Not Available