Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Predicting bone metastasis-free survival in non-small cell lung cancer from preoperative CT via deep learning

Characteristic

Training cohort (n = 798)

Validation cohort

P-value

Internal validation cohort (n = 470)

External validation cohort (n = 279)

A. Clinical characteristics

Age(year)a

60.4 ± 9.5

60.9 ± 9.6

61.1 ± 9.6

0.596

Gender

   

0.535

 Men

421(52.8%)

252(53.6%)

158(56.6%)

 

 Women

377(47.2%)

218(46.4%)

121(46.3%)

 

Smoking history

   

0.606

 Never smoked

489(61.4%)

276(58.7%)

165(59.1%)

 

 Ex- or current smoker

308(38.6%)

194(41.3%)

114(40.9%)

 

CEA(ng/mL)

   

0.097

 <5

574(71.9%)

350(74.5%)

193(69.2%)

 

 5–20

144(18.0%)

84(74.5%)

47(16.8%)

 

 >20

80(10.0%)

36(7.7%)

39(14.0%)

 

CYFRA21-1(ng/mL)

4.2 ± 11.1

4.1 ± 6.3

4.6 ± 7.6

<0.001

Pathologic type

   

0.101

 Adenocarcinoma

606(75.9%)

331(70.4%)

217(77.8%)

 

 Squamous cell carcinoma

169(21.2%)

120(25.5%)

51(18.3%)

 

 Other

23(2.9%)

19(4.0%)

11(3. 9%)

 

Clinical T category

   

0.010

 cT1

484(60.7%)

297(63.2%)

140(50.2%)

 

 cT2

206(25.8%)

108(23.0%)

85(30.5%)

 

 cT3

70(8.8%)

49(10.4%)

40(14.3%)

 

 cT4

38(4.8%)

16(3.4%)

14(5.0%)

 

Clinical N category

   

0.150

 cN0

558(69.9%)

340(72.3%)

183(65.6%)

 

 cN1

240(30.1%)

130(27.7%)

96(34.4%)

 

Postoperative treatment

   

0.305

 None

540(67.7%)

322(68.5%)

173(62.0%)

 

 Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy

181(22.7%)

109(23.2%)

75(26.9%)

 

 Targeted therapy

28(3.5%)

28(6.0%)

8(2.9%)

 

 Combination therapy

49(6.1%)

11(2.3%)

23(8.2%)

 

Bone metastasis (+)

147(18.4%)

94(20.0%)

55(19.7%)

0.759

B. Semantic features

Nodule type

   

0.054

 Nonsolid

131(16.4%)

87(18.5%)

52(18.6%)

 

 Part solid

103(12.9%)

43(9.1%)

20(7.2%)

 

 Solid

564(70.7%)

340(72.3%)

207(74.2%)

 

Location

   

0.053

 Central

177(22.2%)

94(20.0%)

43(15.4%)

 

 Peripheral

621(77.8%)

376(80.0%)

236(84.6%)

 

Margin

   

0.246

 Clear

458(57.4%)

284(60.4%)

175(62.7%)

 

 Unclear

340(42.6%)

186(39.6%)

104(37.3%)

 

Presence of spiculation

245(30.7%)

139(29.6%)

103(36.9%)

0.089

Presence of lobulation

414(51.9%)

158(33.6%)

184(65.9%)

<0.001

Presence of air bronchogram

153(19.2%)

79(16.8%)

64(22.9%)

0.119

Presence of pleural attachment

288(36.1%)

156(33.2%)

74(26.5%)

0.014

  1. Note: Unless otherwise noted, values are numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses.
  2. P-values were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test or Fisher exact test.
  3. aData are means ± standard deviations.
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