Table 2 Patient-derived xenografts from brain cancer

From: Opportunities and challenges for patient-derived models of brain tumors in functional precision medicine

Adult
Subject	Indication	2nd Ed.	3rd Ed.	4th Ed.	5th Ed.
Establishment of New Model from Primary Tumor	High-Grade:		GBM^{47,75,76,86,87}	mGBM^8,40,79,90, wtGBM^8,79,90, nAO⁹⁰, DMG⁷⁹, nGBM⁹¹, mAO⁸
	Low-Grade:			MG⁹¹, ANC⁹¹, PTA⁹¹, nO⁸, dmA⁸
	Metastatic:			BCM⁷⁷,BrCM^77,84, CCM⁷⁷, ECM⁷⁷, LCM^77,91, MM⁷⁷, OM⁷⁷, PCM⁷⁷
Establishment of New Model from Recurrent Tumor	High-Grade:		GBM^47,76,87, AOA⁸⁷	mGBM^8,90, wtGBM^8,90, GS¹⁸⁰
Establishment Success Rate	High-Grade:		GBM^75,76,86, AOA⁸⁷, AA⁸⁷, AO⁸⁷	mGBM^8,40,79, wtGBM^8,79, DMG⁷⁹, mAO⁸
	Low-Grade:	O⁸⁷		nO⁸, dmA⁸
	Metastatic:			BCM⁷⁷, BrCM⁷⁷, CCM⁷⁷, ECM⁷⁷, LCM⁷⁷, MM⁷⁷, NCM⁷⁷, OM⁷⁷, PCM⁷⁷, RCM⁷⁷
Speed of Model	High-Grade:		GBM⁸⁶	mGBM^8,40,90, wtGBM^8,90, nAO⁹⁰, mAO⁸
	Low-Grade:			nO⁸, dmA⁸
	Metastatic:			BCM⁷⁷,BrCM^77,84, CCM⁷⁷, ECM⁷⁷, LCM^77,91, MM⁷⁷, OM⁷⁷, PCM⁷⁷
High Throughput Capabilities of Model	High-Grade:			mGBM⁹⁰, wt⁹⁰, nAO⁹⁰
Model Genetic or Phenotypic Similarity to Parental Tumor	High-Grade:		GBM^{47,75,76,86,87}, AOA⁸⁷	mGBM^8,79,90, wtGBM^8,79,90, nAO⁹⁰, DMG⁷⁹, nGBM⁹¹, mAO⁸, GS¹⁸⁰
	Low-Grade:			MG⁹¹, ANC⁹¹, nO⁸, dmA⁸
	Metastatic:			BCM⁷⁷,BrCM^77,84, CCM⁷⁷, ECM⁷⁷, LCM^77,91, MM⁷⁷, OM⁷⁷, PCM⁷⁷
Model Genetic or Phenotypic Differences to Parental Tumor	High-Grade:		GBM⁷⁵	mGBM^40,79,90, wtGBM^79,90, nAO⁹⁰, DMG⁷⁹, nGBM⁹¹
	Low-Grade:			MG⁹¹, ANC⁹¹
	Metastatic:			BrCM⁸⁴, LCM⁹¹
Model Heterogeneity	High-Grade:		GBM⁷²	mGBM^40,79,90, wtGBM^79,90, nAO⁹⁰
Drug Killing	High-Grade:		GBM^72,75,76,181	mGBM^40,90, wt⁹⁰, nAO⁹⁰
	Metastatic:			LCM⁷⁷, BrCM⁸⁴

Pediatrics
Subject	Indication	2nd Ed.	3rd Ed.	4th Ed.	5th Ed.
Establishment of New Model from Primary Tumor	High-Grade:			AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², ATRT^42,82, AE⁴², wtGBM⁴³, DMG⁴³, ETMR^82,88, PX⁴³, EPN⁸², RIG⁸², wntMB⁸², shhMB⁸², 3MB⁸², 4MB⁸²	PFE⁷⁴
Establishment of New Model from Recurrent Tumor	High-Grade:			aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², PNET⁴², AE⁴², wtGBM⁴³, PX⁴³
Establishment of New Model from Autopsy	High-Grade:			AA⁴², nGBM⁴², AE⁴², PNET⁴², DMG⁴³, RIG⁸⁹
Establishment Success Rate	High-Grade:			AA⁴², AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², ATRT^42,82, AE⁴², wtGBM⁴³, ETMR^82,88, EPN⁸², wntMB⁸², shhMB⁸², 3MB⁸², 4MB⁸², P⁸², RIG^82,89	PFE⁷⁴
Speed of Model	High-Grade:			AA⁴², AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², ATRT⁴², AE⁴², wtGBM⁴³, RIG⁸⁹
High Throughput Capabilities of Model	High-Grade:			AA⁴², AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², ATRT⁴², AE⁴²
Model Genetic or Phenotypic Similarity to Parental Tumor	High-Grade:			AA⁴², AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², ATRT^42,82, AE⁴², wtGBM⁴³, ETMR^82,88, wntMB⁸², shhMB⁸², 3MB⁸², 4MB⁸², RIG⁸⁹	PFE⁷⁴
Model Genetic Differences to Parental Tumor	High-Grade:			AA⁴², AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², ATRT^42,82, AE⁴², wtGBM⁴³, wntMB⁸², shhMB⁸², 3MB⁸², 4MB⁸², RIG⁸⁹	PFE⁷⁴
Model Heterogeneity	High-Grade:			wtGBM⁴³, EPN⁸², wntMB⁸², shhMB⁸², 3MB⁸², 4MB⁸²
Drug Killing	High-Grade:		DIPG⁶⁶	AA⁴², AOA⁴², nGBM⁴², aM⁴², dM⁴², cM⁴², DMG^43,67, wtGBM⁴³, ETMR⁸⁸

AA Anaplastic Astrocytoma, AOA Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma, 3MB Medulloblastoma, Group 3, 4MB Medulloblastoma, Group 4, AE Anaplastic Ependymoma, aM Medulloblastom, Anaplastic/Large Cell, ANC Angiofibroma of nasal cavity, AO Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, ATRT atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, BCM Bladder Cancer Metastisis, BrCM Breast Cancer Metastisis, CCM Colon Cancer Metastisis, cM Medulloblastoma, Classic, DIPG Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma, dM Medulloblastoma, Desmoplastic/Nodular, dmA diffuse astrocytoma IDH-mutant, DMG Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant, dmWT Diffuse astrocytoma IDH-wildtype, ECM Endometrium Cancer Metastsis, EPN Ependymoma, ETMR Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered, GBM Glioblastoma, GS Gliosarcoma, LCM Lung Cancer Metastsis, mAO anaplastic oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, MG Meningioma, mGBM Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant, MM Melanoma Metastsis, nAO Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, NOS, NCM Nasosinusal Cancer Metastsis, nGBM Glioblastoma, NOS, nO oligodendroglioma NOS, O Oligodendroglioma, OM Osteosarcoma Metastsis, P Pineoplastoma, PCM Prostate Cancer Metastsis, PFE Posterior fossa ependymoma, PNET Primitive Neuro Ectodermal Tumors, PTA pituitary adenoma, PX Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma, RCM Renal Cancer Metastsis, RIG Radiation induced glioma, shhMB Medulloblastoma SHH, wntMB Medulloblastoma, WNT wtGBM, Glioblastoma, IDH wildtype

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Table 2 Patient-derived xenografts from brain cancer

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