Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort
Characteristics | Training set | Validation set | Test set | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 60.21 ± 9.16 | 59.65 ± 8.33 | 58.70 ± 9.53 | 59.85 ± 9.16 |
Gender, n(%) | ||||
 Male | 246(57.08%) | 34(54.84%) | 76(60.80%) | 356(57.61%) |
 Female | 185(42.92%) | 28(45.16%) | 49(39.20%) | 262(42.39%) |
Number of WSIs | 1847 | 246 | 536 | 2629 |
Smoking history, n(%) | 196(45.48%) | 27(43.55%) | 59(47.20%) | 282(45.63%) |
Patients who require postoperative interventions, n(%) | 191(44.32%) | 21(33.87%) | 53(42.40%) | 265(42.88%) |
Patients who do not require postoperative interventions, n(%) | 240(55.68%) | 41(66.13%) | 72(57.60%) | 353(57.12%) |
Pathology subtypes, n(%) | ||||
 Lung adenocarcinoma | 313(72.62%) | 43(69.35%) | 87(69.60%) | 443(71.68%) |
 Lung squamous cell carcinoma | 113(26.22%) | 16(25.81%) | 36(28.80%) | 165(26.70%) |
 Lung adenosquamous carcinoma | 4(0.93%) | 3(4.84%) | 2(1.60%) | 9(1.46%) |
 Unknown | 1(0.23%) | 0 | 0 | 1(0.16%) |
Stage, n(%) | ||||
 0 | 2(0.46%) | 0 | 0 | 2(0.32%) |
 I | 276(64.04%) | 44(70.97%) | 79(63.20%) | 399(64.56%) |
 II | 73(16.94%) | 6(9.68%) | 20(16.00%) | 99(16.02%) |
 III (III A, III B) | 80(18.56%) | 12(19.35%) | 26(20.80%) | 118(19.09%) |
Histological differentiation degree, n(%) | ||||
 Well differentiated (G1) | 107(24.83%) | 19(30.65%) | 36(28.80%) | 162(26.21%) |
 Moderately differentiated (G2) | 195(45.24%) | 26(41.94%) | 52(41.60%) | 273(44.17%) |
 Poorly differentiated (G3) | 106(24.59%) | 13(20.97%) | 33(26.40%) | 152(24.60%) |
 Unknown | 23(5.34%) | 4(6.45%) | 4(3.20%) | 31(5.02%) |
Progression within 5 years (Yes/No/Unknown), n(%) | 119/309/3 (27.61%)/(71.69%)/(0.70%) | 18/44/0 (29.03%)/(70.97%)/(0) | 36/89/0 (28.80%)/(71.20%)/(0) | 173/442/3 (27.99%)/(71.52%)/(0.49%) |
Death within 5 yearsa (Yes/No/Unknown), n(%) | 82/344/5 (19.03%)/(79.81%)/(1.16%) | 13/49/0 (20.97%)/(79.03%)/(0) | 26/99/0 (20.80%)/(79.20%)/(0) | 121/492/5 (19.58%)/(79.61%)/(0.81%) |
