Fig. 11: Multi-modal profiling of LDHA lactylation network and resistance markers.

A Pathway enrichment of LDHA co-targets. Bar plot showing the top 10 pathways enriched among LDHA-associated genes based on adjusted p-value (–log10). Key metabolic and immune regulatory pathways are highlighted. B Differential expression of LDHA co-targets in resistant vs sensitive ovarian cancer samples. Violin plots with overlaid dot distribution showing higher expression of LDHA, HK2, HIF1A, and PDK1 in cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Group labels are placed above with bold formatting for clarity. C Circular chord diagram mapping LDHA co-targets to enriched pathways. Interactive visualization (see supplementary HTML) displaying gene–pathway relationships, with genes on the left arc and enriched pathways on the right arc. Colored ribbons illustrate modular interactions.