Fig. 2: CM is associated with increased angiogenic activity in primary tumors and metastatic skin lesions.

A A clinical aspect of breast cancer patients before treatment. B This shows multi-nodule cutaneous metastases on the left anterior chest after the patient received serial chemotherapy and underwent radiation. C The patient exhibited cutaneous metastases characterized by numerous indurated papules and plaques, accompanied by ulcerated nodules distributed across the left and right chest wall extremities. D List of six tumor tissues at different time points. E HE staining and immunohistochemistry analysis of the breast tumors and the skin nodules. The immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that the breast and skin nodules cells were positive for D2-40, CD105, and VEGF.