Fig. 3: Trajectory analysis of tumor cell subpopulations.

A Monocle2 trajectory plot showing the progression of tumor cells along a pseudotime axis. B, C Distribution of different tumor cell subpopulations across the pseudotime axis in Monocle2, with each subpopulation colored accordingly. D Monocle2 trajectory plot colored by state. E Proportion of cell subpopulations within each state along the pseudotime trajectory. F CytoTRACE analysis of tumor cell differentiation potential. G–I Slingshot trajectory analysis, showing two distinct differentiation pathways colored by tumor stage, cell type, and state. J Expression of top markers in each subpopulation across pseudotime. K Heatmap of genes correlated with pseudotime.