Fig. 1

Schematic view of a 3-terminal memristive synapses for supervised learning (SL) in spiking neural network (SNN), where b the field effect transistors with graphene as channels and organic ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as gate dielectric (GrFeFET) mimic the synaptic functions. The source and drain terminals serve as the axon of the presynaptic neuron and the dendrite of the postsynaptic one, respectively, while the tuning of the channel conductance by the PVDF polarization emulates the modulation of synaptic strength. c Optical profiler image of the fabricated GrFeFET, where fake color by Photoshop is applied. The two brown colored pads are the source and drain regions, while the graphene region is characterized by the dash lines. A top view optical image of the fabricated device is provided in Section 1 of Supplementary Information. Dimensions of graphene channel are 5 μm long and 10 μm wide, and PVDF is 100 nm thick