Fig. 1: Energy level arrangement and schematic image of O-I heterojunction.

a UPS spectra of the secondary electron edge for monolayer MoS2 and top organic layer tetracene. The extracted work functions for both structures are indicated, which are 3.58 and 3.32 eV, respectively. The work function was obtained by the equation: \(\omega = hv - E_{cut - off}\). b UPS spectra at the low binding energy region near the Fermi level for monolayer MoS2 and top organic layer tetracene. c The constructed band diagram of the tetracene/MoS2 organic-inorganic vdW heterojunction. d–e The first principle DFT calculations of MoS2 and tetracene, respectively. The calculation results confirmed that the tetracene/MoS2 organic-inorganic heterostructure was Type-II band alignment. f Schematic configuration of tetracene/MoS2 O-I vdW heterojunction.