Fig. 9: Electric polarization.
From: Emergence of polar skyrmions in 2D Janus CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) magnets
a Calculated ferroelectric polarization by using the modern theory of polarization. The data is plotted as a function of X atoms displaced from their high-symmetry position. Purple and blue lines represent the results obtained for CrInSe3 and CrInTe3, respectively. Data denoted by solid (empty) points are the results of calculation (fitting). Insets are the side and top views of the crystal structure with different X displacements. Purple solid and dashed circles illustrate the position of the displaced X atom. Black arrow in the lower inset indicates the displacement direction. b Calculated spin-spiral induced polarization for five magnetic ensembles. Solid and dashed lines represent the results for CrInSe3 and CrInTe3, respectively. Different line colors correspond to the results obtained from various external magnetic fields, ranging from 0 to 6.6 T. c Polarization density and d the corresponding spin texture of the five ensembles, obtained from CrInSe3. Double-headed arrows colored in black and green denote the spin stripe width and skyrmion diameters.
