Fig. 5: Laboratory test, missingness pattern, and imputation algorithm dependent uncertainty propagation during 50 repeated multiple imputation (MI) for holdouts using RMSE.
From: Imputation of missing values for electronic health record laboratory data
The y-axis was labeled with mean(nRMSE) after the number of MI. This mean of normalized RMSE in y-axis represents the error over the number of runs. The size of the triangle or round dot represents the standard error of RMSE over the number of runs. “L” shaped or inverse “L” shaped distribution of the mean(nRMSE) after 50 runs of MI suggested this uncertainty reached a plateau. However, for some variables (e.g., 13457-7 of LDL or 17856-6 of HgA1C) in HC, the uncertainty went upward but not reached a statistical convergence.
