Fig. 1: Basic concepts and terms of framing.

a Illustrates prediction time, observation window, and prediction window. Window shift (b) is the distance between each prediction. c Shows a variation of (a) where the prediction window does not begin immediately after the prediction time but instead shifts to the lead window. d Shows an example of left-aligned samples, where the model is used for predicting fixed time points, such as admission or preoperatively. e Shows an example of right-aligned samples where all data are considered until some time point before the event of interest (for the positive cases) or the end of admission (for the negative cases).