Fig. 3: Upper extremity bradykinesia.

a Arm twist amplitude measured during the in-clinic examination, by pronation-supination (MDS-UPDRS 3.6) consensus scores. Center lines: median, boxes: first and third quartiles, whiskers: 1.5x inter-quartile range. b Illustrative examples of raw gyroscope signals, along the x axis, for each score on the MDS-UPDRS 3.6. Measurement values, as computed by the PD-VME, are also indicated. c Difference between the remote measurements in on and off states, aggregated over PD-VMEs obtained during the first two months from each participant. Mean and 95% confidence intervals across participants are represented. d Intra-class correlation (ICC) between at-home measurements, for various durations of aggregation. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals. The dotted blue line represents the published test-retest ICC of 0.89 for the whole bradykinesia subcomponent of the UPDRS Part III³¹. e Distribution of PD-VME arm-twist measurements (off state) obtained during the in-clinic PD-VME (orange dot, representing a single measurement) and remote PD-VMEs (blue bar, representing the 25th to 75th percentile of PD-VMEs within 90 days of the in-clinic PD-VME), sorted on the remote PD-VMEs.