Table 2 Summary of studies focusing on one of the top ten global DALY-contributing diseases (N = 24).
Disease | Title | Authors | Disease RF | Clinical domain | Aim | Type of intervention | Mobile device | OS | Study population | Methods | Stage of development | Cost | Year | Author affiliation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ischemic Heart Diseases | Feasibility of combining serial smartphone single-lead electrocardiograms for the diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Smartphone ECG for STEMI Diagnosis | Muhlestein et al. | ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) | Cardiology | Diagnosis | Smartphone-based ECG | Smartphone | Not specified | Subjects were enrolled from 5 international sites. | Experimental | Developed | Not specified | 2020 | USA |
Smartphone ECG for evaluation of STEMI: results of the ST LEUIS Pilot Study | Muhlestein et al. | STEMI | Cardiology | Monitoring | Smartphone application | iPod | iOS | Patients for whom the hospital STEMI protocol was activated | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Prototype | Not specified | 2015 | Multinational (USA, Argentina) | |
Plasmonic ELISA for Sensitive Detection of Disease Biomarkers with a Smart Phone-Based Reader | Quanli Yang | Acute myocardial infarction | Cardiology | Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone | Android and iOS | Serum samples were collected from the Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospita | Technical description | Developed | About two dollars | 2018 | China | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | The utility of hand-held mobile spirometer technology in a resource-constrained setting. | Du Plessis et al. | Chronic respiratory diseases | Pulmonary Medicine | Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone | Not specified | Consecutive patients and healthy volunteers | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Developed | Not specified | 2019 | South Africa |
Neonatal Preterm Birth | Mobile phones for retinopathy of prematurity screening in Lagos, Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa | Tunji S. Oluleye et al. | Retinopathy of Prematurity | Ophthalmology | Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone | iOS | Preterm infants with birthweight of less than 1.5 kg or gestational age of less than 32 weeks | Technical testing | Available | Not specified | 2016 | Nigeria |
MII RetCam assisted smartphone-based fundus imaging for retinopathy of prematurity | Lekha et al. | Retinopathy of prematurity | Ophthalmology | Diagnosis/ Monitoring | Smartphone add on | Smartphone | iOS | All the preterm babies subjected to smartphone-based fundus imaging as part of ROP screening from September 2017 to November 2018 | Retrospective observational | Developed | MII RetCam device costs USD 380/– | 2019 | India | |
Diabetes Type 2 | Mobile communication using a mobile phone with a glucometer for glucose control in Type 2 patients with diabetes: as effective as an Internet-based glucose monitoring system | Cho et al. | Diabetes type 2 | Endocrinology | Monitoring | Smartphone add on | Mobile phone | Not specified | Type 2 diabetes patients | Experimental | Developed | Not specified | 2009 | Republic of Korea |
Reusable electrochemical glucose sensors integrated into a smartphone platform. | Bandodkar et al. | Diabetes | Endocrinology | Monitoring | Smartphone-based reusable glucose meter | Smertphone | Android | NA | Technical testing | Prototype | Not specified | 2018 | USA | |
Evaluation of a mobile-phone telemonitoring system for glycaemic control in patients with diabetes | Istepanian et al. | Diabetes | Endocrinology | Monitoring | Mobile phone-based system | Motorola A-100 mobile phone | Android | Patients with complicated diabetes | Experimental | Not specified | Not specified | 2009 | United Kingdom | |
Ultrabright Polymer-Dot Transducer Enabled Wireless Glucose Monitoring via a Smartphone | Sun et al. | Diabetes | Endocrinology | Monitoring | Smartphone application | Smartphone-Huawei Mate 9 | Android | Balb/c nude mice (Vital River Laboratories, Beijing, China). 8-week-old female mice | Experimental | In vitro and in vivo studies | Not specified | 2018 | China | |
Real time monitoring of glucose in whole blood by smartphone | Erenas et al. | Diabetes | Endocrinology | Monitoring | Combined thread-paper microfluidic device | Sony DSC-HX300 digital camera, a Samsung Galaxy S5 smartphone, a Samsung Galaxy Tab A tablet, and a Motorola Moto G4 Play smartphone | Android | None | Technical testing | Developed | Not specified | 2019 | Multinational (Spain, USA) | |
Smartphone-based noninvasive salivary glucose biosensor | Soni and Jha | Diabetes | Endocrinology | Diagnosis/Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone | Android | Subjects between age group 20–80 years at Outpatient Department of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi hospital, New Delhi | Experimental | Developed | Not specified | 2017 | India | |
Noninvasive blood glucose monitor based on spectroscopy using a smartphone. | Dantu et al. | Diabetes | Endocrinology | Monitoring | Noninvasive blood glucose monitor | Smartphone | Android | Human subjects who drank Cola beverage of 50 g sugar | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Developed | Not specified | 2014 | USA | |
Low Back Pain | mDurance: A Novel Mobile Health System to Support Trunk Endurance Assessment. | Banos et al. | Low back pain | Sports medicine | Monitoring | Wearable and mobile devices | Smartphone | Android | Case study | Technical testing | Developed | Not specified | 2015 | Multinational (Republic of Korea, Spain) |
Ischemic Stroke | Smartphone electrographic monitoring for atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack | Tu et al. | Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation | Cardiology | Monitoring | Smartphone application | Smartphone | Android and iOS | Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) without known AF, Age > 18 years | Prospective cohorts | Proof of principle | Not specified | 2017 | Multinational (Australia, China) |
Other musculoskeletal | Reliability Analysis of a Smartphone-aided Measurement Method for the Cobb Angle of Scoliosis | Qiao et al. | Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis | Traumatology | Diagnosis | Smartphone application | Smartphone | iOS | Posteroanterior radiographs of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with thoracic scoliosis | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Developed | Not specified | 2011 | China |
Screening of scoliosis in school children in Tehran: The prevalence rate of idiopathic scoliosis | Shahrbanoo Kazem et al. | Scoliosis | Orthopedics | Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone | iOS | School children in Tehran | Experimental | Available | $4.99 | 2018 | Iran | |
Evaluation of an apparatus to be combined with a smartphone for the early detection of spinal deformities. | Driscoll et al. | Spinal deformities | Orthopedics | Diagnosis | Smartphone application | Smartphone | iOS | Adolescents with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Developed | Not specified | 2014 | Canada | |
Validation of a scoliometer smartphone app to assess scoliosis. | Franko et al. | Scoliosis | Orthopedics | Diagnosis | Smartphone application | Smartphone | iOS | Measurements | Experimental | Developed | The cost of the application ($0.99) and manufacturing the custom part were <$25, and when purchased in bulk would cost <$5/unit. | 2012 | USA | |
Age-related hearing loss | Extended High-Frequency Smartphone Audiometry: Validity and Reliability. | Bornman et al. | Age-related hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and ototoxicity | Otorhinolaryngology | Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone | Android | “Participants were recruited from adults attending the Audiology Department at Dr. George Mukhari Hospital, GaRankuwa, South Africa and from the University of Pretoria” | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Developed | Not specified | 2019 | Multinational (Australia, South Africa) |
Implementation of uHear™—an iOS-based application to screen for hearing loss—in older patients with cancer undergoing a comprehensive geriatric assessment | Michelle et al. | Presbycusis | Otorhinolaryngology | Screening | Smartphone application | iPod, iPhone, iPad | iOS | Older patients with cancer at the radiotherapy and oncology departments of the General Hospital Groeninge (Kortrijk, Belgium) from December 2014 till June 2015 | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Available | Not specified | 2016 | Belgium | |
Application-Based Hearing Screening in the Elderly Population | Leonid et al. | Presbycusis (Hearing loss) | Otorhinolaryngology | Screening | Smartphone application | Tablet | iOS | Patients 65 years of age or older hospitalized for any reason in an internal medicine department | Experimental | Available | Free | 2017 | USA | |
Smartphone-based audiometric test for screening hearing loss in the elderly. | Abu-Ghanem et al. | Hearing loss | Otorhinolaryngology | Screening | Smartphone application | Smartphone—iPhone and Tablet—iPod, iPad | iOS | Subjects aged 84.4 ± 6.73 years (mean ± SD) were recruited. | Observational Cohort Studies/case–control studies | Available | Free | 2015 | Israel | |
Falls | iFall: An android application for fall monitoring and response | Sposaro et al. | Fall | Geriatrics | Monitoring | Smartphone application | Smartphone | Android | None | Technical description | Prototype | Not specified | 2009 | USA |
