Table 2 Patient-oriented outcome measures.

From: Multisite implementation of a workflow-integrated machine learning system to optimize COVID-19 hospital admission decisions

 

All patients

High risk (9–10)

Elevated risk (7–8)

Moderate risk (4–6)

Low risk (1–3)

Total, No

 Retrospective

22,347

2163

2909

9328

7947

 Prospective visible

11,348

1214

1200

4995

3939

Hospitalized, No, % (95% CI)

 Retrospective

9661, 43.2 (42.6–43.9)

2001, 92.5 (91.4–93.6)

2428, 83.5 (82.1–84.8)

4515, 48.4 (47.4–49.4)

717, 9.0 (8.4–9.7)

 Prospective visible

4757, 41.9 (41.0–42.8)

1065, 87.7 (85.9–89.6)

953, 79.4 (77.1–81.7)

2242, 44.9 (43.5–46.3)

497, 12.6 (11.6–13.7)

24-h Mortality, No, % (95% CI)

 Retrospective

158, 0.7 (0.6–0.8)

146, 6.7 (5.7–7.8)

7, 0.2 (0.1–0.4)

5, 0.1 (0.0–0.1)

0, 0.0 (0.0–0.0)

 Prospective visible

47, 0.4 (0.3–0.5)

35, 2.9 (1.9–3.8)

6, 0.5 (0.1–0.9)

5, 0.1 (0.0–0.2)

1, 0.0 (0.0–0.1)

24-h ICU Upgrade, No, % (95% CI)

 Retrospective

475, 4.9 (4.5–5.3)

229, 11.4 (10.0–12.8)

144, 5.9 (5.0–6.9)

92, 2.0 (1.6–2.4)

10, 1.4 (0.5–2.3)

 Prospective Visible

206, 4.3 (3.8–4.9)

91, 8.5 (6.9–10.2)

37, 3.9 (2.7–5.1)

61, 2.7 (2.0–3.4)

17, 3.4 (1.8–5.0)

72-h ED Return, No, % (95% CI)

 Retrospective

623, 5.6 (5.1–6.0)

4, 4.7 (0.2–9.1)

28, 8.0 (5.2–10.9)

298, 7.0 (6.3–7.8)

293, 4.5 (4.0–5.0)

 Prospective visible

296, 5.9 (5.2–6.5)

5, 18.5 (3.9–33.2)

14, 9.7 (4.9–14.6)

150, 7.0 (5.9–8.0)

127, 4.7 (3.9–5.5)

Total LOS hospitalized, Median (IQR)

 Retrospective

98 (49–178)

146 (73–268)

121 (70–213)

81 (39–147)

29 (8–91)

 Prospective visible

97 (47–172)

141 (77–264)

110 (62–188)

84 (30–147)

52 (9–106)

Total LOS discharged, Median (IQR)

 Retrospective

4 (2–6)

5 (3–62)

5 (3–11)

4 (3–6)

3 (1–5)

 Prospective visible

5 (3–7)

5 (3–7)

5 (3–8)

5 (4–7)

4 (3–6)

  1. ED emergency department, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay.