Fig. 3: The performance of machine learning (ML) models and the weights of the included feature indexes.

A The performance of the seven ML models on the internal image test set. Random forest (RF) showed the best performance. B Six indexes were determined by the RF model and the corresponding weights. RF random forest, GNB Gaussian Naive Bayes, KNN k-Nearest Neighbor, LR logistic regression, DT decision tree, SVM support vector machine, GBDT gradient boosting decision tree.