Table 2 Clavien-Dindo classification grading with corresponding postoperative events available for model development and testing.

From: Applying machine learning to consumer wearable data for the early detection of complications after pediatric appendectomy

Clavien-Dindo grade description:

Examples

Frequency (n) in patients with complicated appendicitis

Frequency (n) in patients with simple appendicitis

Grade I: Any deviation from normal postoperative course without the need for surgical, endoscopic, and radiological interventions. Allowed therapeutic regimens include antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy.

Fever requiring antipyretic, incisional redness/drainage not requiring antibiotics, vomiting requiring antiemetic, oliguria requiring foley catheter, diarrhea requiring IV hydration

22

9

Grade II: Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications

Ileus requiring nasogastric tube and total parental nutrition (TPN), surgical site infection requiring antibiotics*, intraabdominal abscess treated with IV antibiotics alone*, Clostridium dificile infection*

14

0

Grade III: Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention

Interventional radiology percutaneous drainage of intraabdominal abscess*, takeback to operating room for early adhesive small bowel obstruction*

5

1

Grade IV: Life-threatening complication requiring ICU management including single or multi-organ dysfunction.

No occurrences

0

0

Grade V: Death of the patient

No occurrences

0

0

  1. *Also designated as an NSQIP complication.
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