Table 1 Demographic, pregnancy and birth characteristics of the BioBAYB study participants.
n = 31 Induced Labor or Planned Cesarean Before EDD n (%) | n = 39 Spontaneous Labor Before EDD n (%) | n = 48 Birth after EDD n (%) | Test Two-tailed t/χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD) | 32.7 (4.3) | 32.5 (4.3) | 32.6 (3.8) | 0.07 | 0.94 |
Self-reported race/ethnicity/ancestry (may have selected more than one) | |||||
White/European | 29 (90.6) | 32 (82.1) | 46 (95.8) | 4.41 | 0.04 |
Asian or Pacific Islands | 2 (6.3) | 3 (7.7) | 6 (8.4) | ||
Latin American/ Hispanic | 2 (6.3) | 7 (17.9) | 1 (2.1) | ||
Black/African | 0 (0) | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0) | ||
Other/Chose not to answer | 1 (3.1) | 2 (5.1) | 1 (2.1) | ||
Gestational age at enrollment, weeks | 29.4 (3.1) | 29.9 (2.8) | 31.2 (2.6) | 2.14 | 0.04 |
Nulliparous | 26 (81.3) | 18 (46.2) | 24 (50.0) | 0.13 | 0.72 |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index kg/m2 | 24.6 (4.3) | 23.9 (4.1) | 23.7 (4.1) | −0.23 | 0.82 |
Medication/substances in pregnancy | |||||
Daily aspirin | 5 (15.6) | 4 (10.3) | 7 (14.6) | 0.36 | 0.55 |
Anti-depressant (SSRI) | 4 (12.5) | 4 (10.3) | 3 (6.3) | 0.47 | 0.49 |
Iron supplement | 8 (25.0) | 10 (25.6) | 21 (43.8) | 3.08 | 0.08 |
Prenatal multivitamin | 30 (93.8) | 39 (100.0) | 47 (97.9) | 0.82 | 0.37 |
Fish oil supplement | 13 (40.6) | 22 (56.4) | 18 (37.5) | 3.10 | 0.08 |
Acetaminophen >3 times | 9 (28.1) | 5 (12.8) | 9 (18.8) | 0.56 | 0.45 |
Thyroid medication | 0 (0) | 4 (10.3) | 5 (10.4) | 0.0006 | 0.98 |
Sleep aids | 5(15.6) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (8.3) | 0.34 | 0.56 |
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression (EPDS) | 6.6 (3.2) | 5.6 (2.5) | 5.3 (2.2) | −0.65 | 0.51 |
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD 7) | 3.5 (3.30 | 3.2 (2.5) | 2.4 (1.9) | −1.58 | 0.12 |
Febrile illness, influenza, SARS-CoV-2 | 4 (12.5) | 7 (17.5) | 14 (29.2) | 2.31 | 0.13 |
Pregnancy conditions after enrollment | |||||
Hypertension or preeclampsia | 4 (12.9) | 2 (5.0) | 2 (4.2) | 0.05 | 0.83 |
Oligohydramnios/polyhydramnios | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Fetal growth restriction | 4 (12.5) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.1) | 0.02 | 0.88 |
Weight gained during pregnancy (lbs.) | 36.9 (11.9) | 34.1 (12.9) | 34.1 (10.8) | ||
Labor onset | |||||
Spontaneous labor | 0 (0) | 39 (100) | 31 (64.6) | 17.17 | <0.001 |
Labor induction | 27 (87.5) | 0 (0) | 17 (35.4) | ||
Pre-labor rupture of membranes | 5 | 2 | |||
Medical/obstetric condition | 20 | 15 | |||
Elective | 3 | 1 | |||
No Labor: Cesarean before labor | 4 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Location of birth | |||||
Hospital | 32 (100) | 30 (76.9) | 40 (83.3) | 1.27 | 0.53 |
Home (planned/unplanned) | 5 (13.8)* | 6 (12.5) | |||
Freestanding birth center | 4 (10.3) | 2 (4.2) | |||
Mode of birth | |||||
Vaginal birth | 21 (67.4) | 32 (82.1) | 36 (75.0) | 1.41 | 0.49 |
Assisted vaginal birth | 1 (3.1) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (8.3) | ||
Cesarean | 9 (29.1) | 6 (15.4) | 8 (16.7) | ||
Duration of labor, hours (mean, SD) | 14.1 (12.1) | 19.0 (17.7) | 16.3 (12.0) | −0.68 | 0.49 |
Infant weight, lbs. (mean, SD) | 7.0 (0.9) | 7.5 (0.9) | 8.1 (1.0) | 2.75 | 0.007 |
Gestational age birth, weeks (mean, SD) | 38.7 (1.0) | 38.9 (1.1) | 40.8 (0.55) | 10.44 | <0.001 |
Labor and birth complications | |||||
Umbilical cord prolapse | 1 (2.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | ||
Fever/infection | 4 (12.5) | 2 (5) | 1 (2.1) | 0.59 | 0.44 |
Received antibiotics during labor | 6 (19.3) | 3 (7.7) | 11 (22.9) | 3.69 | 0.06 |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 2 (6.3) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (8.3) | 0.34 | 0.56 |
Neonatal intensive care unit | 4 (12.5) | 6 (15.4) | 3 (6.3) | 1.94 | 0.16 |
