Table 4 Comparison of POPS against methods found in our literature review of preoperative prediction of postoperative pain.
Study | Retrospective cohort size | Prospective cohort size | Patient interaction | Distribution of surgical services | Outcome | Performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POPS (ours) | 243,274 | 365 | No | Orthopedic: 24.3% General: 15.0% Urology: 10.5% Gynecology: 9.5% Thoracic: 7.5% Neurosurg.: 7.1% Surg. Oncology: 5.9% Other: 20.3% | Moderate and severe pain on postop days 0–4 | 0.72–0.79 AUC |
Armstrong et al. 2023 | 17,079 | Yes | General: 62.0% Urology: 15.6% Thoracic: 7.5% Orthopedic: 5.5% Neurosurg.: 3.1% Gynecology: 1.7% Vascular: 0.7% Other: 3.9% | Severe pain on first postop day | 0.66 optimism-corrected c-statistic | |
Van Driel et al. 2022 | 344 | 150 | Yes | Orthopedic: 45.3% General: 20.9% Vascular: 19.5% Other: 14.2% | Persistent post-surgical pain at 3 months | 0.7 AUC |
Rehberg et al. 2017 | 198 | Yes | Surg. Oncology: 100%, only breast cancer surgeries | Max pain on first postop day | 0.82 AUC | |
Hur et al. 2021 | 112,989 | No | Unreported, 13 common procedures | 30-day refill, new persistent use | 0.66–0.68 AUC | |
Janseen et al. 2008 | 549 | 1035 | Yes | Unreported, non-cardiac surgery | Severe pain 1 h after surgery | 0.65 AUC |
Kallman et al. 2003 | 1416 | Yes | Unreported, non-cardiac surgery | Severe pain 1 h after surgery | 0.73 AUC | |
Sommer et al. 2010 | 1490 | No | Unreported, non-cardiac surgery | Mean pain (VAS) > 4 | 0.74–0.78 AUC |
