Table 1 Eligibility criteria.
From: An umbrella review of effectiveness and efficacy trials for app-based health interventions
| Â | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
Publication type | Systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) | Protocols of reviews, scoping reviews, umbrella reviews, secondary studies, primary studies, meta-analyses in contexts other than systematic reviews |
Study designs targeted by the systematic review | Systematic reviews including only randomized controlled trials (including randomized controlled feasibility and pilot trials and different forms of randomization, such as cluster-level or stepped wedge) | Systematic reviews including nonrandomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, case reports |
Language of the systematic review | Full text in English | Full text written in non-English languages |
Populations targeted by the systematic review | Individuals with a diagnosed or self-reported disease or health issue (a) for which there is an ICD-10 code and (b) that is targeted by the respective app | General population without known disease or health issues, sub-analyses on specific patient groups within a review targeting the general population, populations with addictive health behaviors (tobacco use, drinking, gambling, substance use), pregnant women without additional medical conditions, users of apps aiming to support primary prevention/induce preventative health behavior changes in the general population, diagnose/screen for undetected conditions or assist health-care personnel in care delivery |
Interventions targeted by the systematic review | Smartphone or tablet apps aiming to improve specific health related outcomes, app is a standalone or complementary intervention tool | Based only on other non-app technologies e.g., text messaging, wearable devices and websites, delivery or online consultation via apps not developed for health purposes |
Outcomes targeted by the systematic review | Changes in health or care process outcomes at follow-up, any outcomes pertaining to the efficacy / effectiveness dimension of evidence | Outcomes evaluating solely dimensions of evidence other than efficacy / effectiveness |
