Fig. 3: Qualitative evaluations of the meshing steps and baseline comparisons.

a Illustration of the background mesh generation process. From left to right: patient-specific mesh of the aorta + aortic valve leaflets, TetGen input generated by combining the exterior surface and an offset surface from the original geometry, preliminary background mesh generated by TetGen and hollowing, and final background mesh after adding a “fake” vertex to the exterior surface elements of the preliminary mesh. All meshes are clipped at a viewing plane for visualization purposes. b The three main sequential steps for anatomically consistent surface meshing. From left to right: initial inputs of patient-specific aorta + aortic valve leaflets (gray) and voxelgrid segmentation of calcification (red), initial DMTet mesh with raw sampled SDF, optimized DMTet mesh, and final remeshed surface. Green box indicates the viewing region, and colored circles indicate noticeable regions of improvement after each step. c Baseline comparisons for the final mesh quality. Yellow: calcification, green: aortic valve leaflet. Top: front view, bottom: back view. Colored circles indicate the noticeable regions of improvement from each baseline to C-MAC.